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- Dialysis of Semipermeable Membrane Device (SPMD)
- Quality Control (QC) Spiking
- PRC (Permeability Reference Compound) spiking is done to gauge the effects of turbulence, temperature and biofouling on the uptake rates of the hydrophobic compounds. Spiking can also be done during various points in the dialysis and clean up procedure to monitor the process. To date, the POCIS can not be spiked with PRC
- Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) cleanup
- Extraction of Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS)
Common Toxins found with SPMD
The compounds below are the common contaminates sampled by SPMDs. Many other hydrophobic substances with a -log Kow greater than 4.8 can be sequestered in triolein and ultimately analyzed.
| Acronym | Name | Possible Source |
| PAH | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons | Combustion by-product |
| OC | OrganoChlorides | Pesticide |
| PCB | Polychlorinated Biphenyls | Industrial and electrical |
| Pyrethroids | Insecticide | |
| Dioxins | Combustion, industrial | |
| Furans | Industrial by-product | |
| Nonyl Phenols | Industrial | |
| Alkylated Selenide | Fossil fuels |
Common contaminates found with POCIS
| Compound Class | Example |
| Analgesics | Ibuprofen |
| Antibiotics | Oxytetracycline |
| Anti-Convulsants | Ethotoin Mephenytoin |
| Anti-Depressants | Phenelzine |
| Decongestants | Ephedrine acetate |
| Fragrances | 4-Hydroxyindole |
| Herbicides | Atrazine |
| Hormones | 17 α-ethynyestradiol Estrogen |
| Stimulants | Caffeine |
| Sulfa drugs | Sulfadiazine Sulfamerizine |
| Surfactants | Nonyl-phenol |
| Vitamins | Nicotinic Acid |
Have Questions?
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